From what I’ve gathered, es is often reduced to 's and gets phonologically attached to the verb in spoken German in simple indicative and imperative sentences (“wie geht’s”, “ich versuch’s”, “tu’s nicht” etc).

This kind of reduction exits in other languages too, but it’s blocked in some conditions. For example, in English you can say “I’m done” but not “who do you think I’m?”.

What are the restrictions on the German es?

Question based on me texting someone and having to write “Er … <omitted text> und hasste’s wenn ich… <ommitted text>.”

I later went to check my grammar a bit, and I couldn’t find “hasste’s” used anywhere on the internet. If this formulation is wrong, what’s the reason why this reduction can’t be used?

  • @letmesleepEnglish
    6•1 year ago

    Well, I’m a native speaker not a language teacher, so I’m not 100% sure, but I think part of the reason that you can’t leave out the e in “es” here is that “hassen” (to hate) ends with an “e”. All the examples where you can shorten “es” that I can come up with right now end with an consonant.

    In any case, you can ignore the option to shorten “es” in vernacular German too. It’s not as ubiquitous as the English shortenings of verbs like “is” and “are”. So if you’re unsure do that.

  • @LumidaubEnglish
    6•1 year ago

    I’ve never thought about this but I’d tentatively say it’s when there’s an “e” at the end of the preceding word. It doesn’t feel natural to skip the “e” in “es”. Saying “hasste’s” is also ambiguous, are you saying “hasste es” or “hasst es”?

  • @ngprcEnglish
    4•1 year ago

    I don’t know about the grammar but will give my 2 cents regardless.

    I just went through some examples I could come up with in my head and would only use it in spoken German mostly in Präsens or Perfekt tense (which is mostly due to those 2 being used in spoken German the most I would presume). But also in Futur 1 and 2. Same for informal chats on Whatsapp.

    Usually I use it with general statements about a subject in Präsens or as a general reduction that is almost always acceptable to me to shorten the sentence in Perfekt

    I don’t use the apostrophe personally unless Autocorrect puts it in there for me.

    Präsens:

    • Er hassts wenn man das macht.
    • Sie liebts wenn man das macht.
    • Sie habens nicht richtig gemacht. (Plural or formal)

    Perfekt:

    • Das Tier hat’s gefressen.
    • Ich hab mein Geld am Automaten vergessen. Der Automat hat’s einfach wieder eingezogen. Notice the reduction of “habe” as well into “hab” in the first sentence of the second example.

    Futur 1: Ich werd’s machen

    Futur 2: Ich werd’s dann vorbereitet haben.

    The example you gave is in Plusquamperfekt and I would generally not use the reduction there. Same for Präteritum.

    Hope this helps.

    • @LumidaubEnglish
      2•1 year ago

      Notice the reduction of “habe” as well into “hab” in the first sentence of the second example.

      Oh good point, contributing to the hypothesis that “'s” can’t occur when the preceding word ends in “e”. “Habe’s” is weird, but “hab’s” works because “habe” is already habitually shortened to “hab”, same for “werd(e)”.